Canine mast cell tumors are a serious form of cancer can spread throughout the dog’s body. The danger with these tumors occurs with the release of chemicals that the cells produce. Mast cells are special cells that help your dog deal with inflammation and allergies. Canine mast cell tumors are formed by a group of these mast cells.
Cause
Although canine mast cell tumors are very common, there is no known cause. There seems to be evidence that the dog’s genetics play a role because certain breeds have an increased risk for developing the tumors. It also appears that canine mast cell tumors are associated with over-stimulation of the immune system in dogs with inflammatory conditions or allergies.
Symptoms
Symptoms of canine mast cell tumors occur because of the release of histamine and other chemicals from the tumors. These symptoms will vary depending on the location and severity of the condition. Common symptoms of canine mast cell tumors include bloody vomit, dark feces, anorexia, and irregular heart rhythm and blood pressure. It is also possible for your dog to develop abnormalities in blood clotting. Other symptoms of canine mast cell tumors include coughing, labored breathing, and enlarged lymph nodes.
Diagnosis
Canine mast cell tumors can occur in various shapes and locations. Therefore, it is necessary to collect tumor cells and examine them under a microscope in order to make a diagnosis. This examination will help determine how the cancer will behave and also determine the best method of treatment.
Treatment
The best way to treat canine mast cell tumors is to have them surgically removed. At least one inch of healthy tissue is also removed from around the tumor to reduce the chance of cancer cells spreading. Surgical removal of canine mast cell tumors can also be followed by radiation. Radiation usually reduces the likelihood of the cancer spreading or recurring sometime in the future. Chemotherapy is also used to treat some cases of canine mast cell tumors although they usually don’t respond well to the treatment.
Prognosis
Dogs in the early stages of this condition usually have a better prognosis than those in the later stages. The location of the disease will also determine the prognosis. Dogs with canine mast cell tumors on the limbs have the best chance for survival. If the tumors occur in the genital area, nail bed, muzzle, or mouth, the dog will have a moderate prognosis. Dogs with canine mast cell tumors in the internal organs have the least chance for survival.